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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2019-3-405-419</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1231</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Algorithms</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>NP-полнота и один полиномиальный подкласс задачи о двухшаговой раскраске графа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NP-completeness and One Polynomial Subclass of the Two-Step Graph Colouring Problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-5411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedeva</surname><given-names>Natalya Sergeevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medvedeva270598@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-2507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Александр Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Alexander Valeryevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander_sm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>405</fpage><lpage>419</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медведева Н.С., Смирнов А.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведева Н.С., Смирнов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medvedeva N.S., Smirnov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1231">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1231</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье рассматривается задача о двухшаговой раскраске произвольного неориентированного связного графа. Она состоит в нахождении такой раскраски в заданное число цветов, при которой ни одна пара вершин на расстоянии 1 или 2 друг от друга не будет окрашена в одинаковый цвет. Также в работе ставится соответствующая задача распознавания. Данная задача тесно связана с классической задачей о раскраске графа. В статье рассматривается и обосновывается полиномиальное сведение задач друг к другу. В частности, это позволяет доказать NP-полноту задачи о двухшаговой раскраске. Кроме того, определяются некоторые ее свойства. Отдельно исследуется задача о двухшаговой раскраске в приложении к прямоугольным графам решетки. Максимальная степень вершины таких графов может принимать значение от 0 до 4, и для каждого возможного случая была определена и обоснована функция двухшаговой раскраски в минимальное число цветов. Полученные функции строятся таким образом, что каждая вершина графа может быть раскрашена независимо от остальных, а время раскраски прямоугольного графа решетки полиномиально при последовательном переборе вершин.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, we study the two-step colouring problem for an undirected connected graph. It is required to colour the graph in a given number of colours in a way, when no pair of vertices has the same colour, if these vertices are at a distance of 1 or 2 between each other. Also the corresponding recognition problem is set. The problem is closely related to the classical graph colouring problem. In the article, we study and prove the polynomial reduction of the problems to each other. So it allows us to prove NP-completeness of the problem of two-step colouring. Also we specify some of its properties. Special interest is paid to the problem of two-step colouring in application to rectangular grid graphs. The maximum vertex degree in such a graph is between 0 and 4. For each case, we elaborate and prove the function of two-vertex colouring in the minimum possible number of colours. The functions allow each vertex to be coloured independently from others. If vertices are examined in a sequence, colouring time is polynomial for a rectangular grid graph.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>двухшаговая раскраска графа</kwd><kwd>NP-полнота</kwd><kwd>граф решетки</kwd><kwd>прямоугольный граф решетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>two-step graph colouring</kwd><kwd>NP-completeness</kwd><kwd>grid graph</kwd><kwd>rectangular grid graph</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 17-07-00823 А.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 17-07-00823 A.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korsakov S. V., Smirnov A. V., Sokolov V. 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