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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2020-1-72-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Algorithms</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм ветвей и границ для задачи коммивояжера не является алгоритмом прямого типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Branch and Bound Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem is not a Direct Type Algorithm</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-1500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максименко</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimenko</surname><given-names>Aleksandr N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maximenko.a.n@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П. Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Максименко А.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Максименко А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maksimenko A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1289">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1289</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе рассматривается понятие линейного разделяющего алгоритма прямого типа, введенное В. А. Бондаренко в 1983 г. Понятие алгоритма прямого типа определяется с помощью графа решений задачи комбинаторной оптимизации. Вершинами этого графа служат все допустимые решения задачи. Два решения называются смежными, если существуют входные данные, для которых эти решения и только они являются оптимальными. Ключевой особенностью алгоритмов прямого типа является то, что их трудоемкость оценивается снизу кликовым числом графа решений. В 2015–2018 гг. было опубликовано пять работ, основными результатами которых являются оценки кликовых чисел графов многогранников, ассоциированных с различными задачами комбинаторной оптимизации. В качестве основной мотивации в этих работах приводится тезис о том, что класс алгоритмов прямого типа является широким и включает в себя многие классические комбинаторные алгоритмы, в том числе алгоритм ветвей и границ для задачи коммивояжера, предложенный J. D. C. Little, K. G. Murty, D. W. Sweeney, C. Karel в 1963 г. Мы покажем, что этот алгоритм не является алгоритмом прямого типа. Ранее, в 2014 г., автором настоящей работы было показано, что венгерский алгоритм для задачи о назначениях не является алгоритмом прямого типа. Таким образом, класс алгоритмов прямого типа не является настолько широким, как предполагалось ранее.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, we consider the notion of a direct type algorithm introduced by V. A. Bondarenko in 1983. A direct type algorithm is a linear decision tree with some special properties. the concept of a direct type algorithm is determined using the graph of solutions of a combinatorial optimization problem. e vertices of this graph are all feasible solutions of a problem. Two solutions are called adjacent if there are input data for which these and only these solutions are optimal. A key feature of direct type algorithms is that their complexity is bounded from below by the clique number of the solutions graph. In 2015-2018, there were five papers published, the main results of which are estimates of the clique numbers of polyhedron graphs associated with various combinatorial optimization problems. the main motivation in these works is the thesis that the class of direct type algorithms is wide and includes many classical combinatorial algorithms, including the branch and bound algorithm for the traveling salesman problem, proposed by J. D. C. Little, K. G. Murty, D. W. Sweeney, C. Karel in 1963. We show that this algorithm is not a direct type algorithm. Earlier, in 2014, the author of this paper showed that the Hungarian algorithm for the assignment problem is not a direct type algorithm. us, the class of direct type algorithms is not so wide as previously assumed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метод ветвей и границ</kwd><kwd>задача коммивояжера</kwd><kwd>линейное разделяющее дерево</kwd><kwd>кликовое число</kwd><kwd>алгоритм прямого типа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>branch and bound</kwd><kwd>traveling salesman problem</kwd><kwd>linear decision tree</kwd><kwd>clique number</kwd><kwd>direct type algorithm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">V. Bondarenko, A. Nikolaev, and D. 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