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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2021-1-104-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Theory of Computing</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>LTL-спецификация счётчиковых машин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LTL-Specification of Counter Machines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-306X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Егор Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>Egor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Профессор, доктор физико-математических наук</p><p>ул. Советская, д. 14, г. Ярославль, 150003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Science</p><p>14 Sovetskaya str., Yaroslavl 150003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmin@uniyar.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П. Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмин Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmin E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1475">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1475</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья написана в поддержку учебной дисциплины “Неклассические логики”. В рамках этой дисциплины объектами изучения являются базовые принципы и конструктивные элементы, с помощью которых происходит формальное построение различных неклассических логик высказываний. Несмотря на абстрактность теории неклассических логик, в которой основное внимание уделяется строгой математической формализации логических рассуждений, существуют реальные прикладные области применения теоретических результатов. В частности, языки темпоральных модальных логик широко используются для моделирования, спецификации и верификации (анализа корректности) программных систем логического управления. В этой статье на примере линейной темпоральной логики LTL демонстрируется, как абстрактные понятия неклассических логик могут находить отражение на практике в области информационных технологий и программирования. Показывается возможность представления поведения программной системы в виде набора LTL-формул и использования этого представления для проверки выполнимости программных свойств системы через процедуру доказательства справедливости логических выводов, выраженных в терминах линейной темпоральной логики LTL. В качестве программных систем, для спецификации поведения которых будет применяться логика LTL, рассматриваются счётчиковые машины Минского. Счётчиковые машины Минского — один из способов формализации интуитивного понятия алгоритма. Они обладают той же вычислительной мощностью, что и машины Тьюринга. Счётчиковая машина имеет вид компьютерной программы, написанной на языке высокого уровня, поскольку содержит переменные, называемые счётчиками, и операторы условного и безусловного перехода, позволяющие строить конструкции циклов. Известно, что любой алгоритм (гипотетически) может быть реализован в виде трёхсчётчиковой машины Минского.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is written in support of the educational discipline “Non-classical logics”. Within the framework of this discipline, the objects of study are the basic principles and constructive elements, with the help of which the formal construction of various non-classical propositional logics takes place. Despite the abstractness of the theory of non-classical logics, in which the main attention is paid to the strict mathematical formalization of logical reasoning, there are real practical areas of application of theoretical results. In particular, languages of temporal modal logics are widely used for modeling, specification, and verification (correctness analysis) of logic control program systems. This article demonstrates, using the linear temporal logic LTL as an example, how abstract concepts of non-classical logics can be reƒected in practice in the field of information technology and programming. We show the possibility of representing the behavior of a software system in the form of a set of LTL-formulas and using this representation to verify the satisfiability of program system properties through the procedure of proving the validity of logical inferences, expressed in terms of the linear temporal logic LTL. As program systems, for the specification of the behavior of which the LTL logic will be applied, Minsky counter machines are considered. Minsky counter machines are one of the ways to formalize the intuitive concept of an algorithm. They have the same computing power as Turing machines. A counter machine has the form of a computer program written in a high-level language, since it contains variables called counters, and conditional and unconditional jump operators that allow to build loop constructions. It is known that any algorithm (hypothetically) can be implemented in the form of a Minsky three-counter machine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неклассическая логика</kwd><kwd>линейная темпоральная логика</kwd><kwd>счётчиковые машины</kwd><kwd>LTL-спецификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-classical logic</kwd><kwd>linear temporal logic</kwd><kwd>counter machines</kwd><kwd>LTL-specification</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках инициативной НИР ЯрГУ им. П. Г. Демидова № VIP-016</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University Project № VIP-016</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E. V. Kuzmin, Non-Classical Propositional Logics, in Russian. Yaroslavl: P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, 2016, p. 160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E. V. Kuzmin, Non-Classical Propositional Logics, in Russian. Yaroslavl: P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, 2016, p. 160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">G. Priest, An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic. From if to is. Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">G. Priest, An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic. From if to is. 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