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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2021-2-170-185</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1486</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Computing Methodologies and Applications</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка степени опасности дефектов при расшифровке вихретоковых дефектограмм</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Severity Estimation of Defects on Interpretation of Eddy-Current Defectograms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-306X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Егор Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>Egor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmin@uniyar.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-9971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>Олег Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>Oleg E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gorbunovoe@nddlab.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-7969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотников</surname><given-names>Петр Олегович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikov</surname><given-names>Petr O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">plotnikovpo@nddlab.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9149-7435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюкин</surname><given-names>Вадим Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyukin</surname><given-names>Vadim A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">tyukinva@nddlab.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкин</surname><given-names>Владимир Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkin</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">bashkinva@nddlab.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П. Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО “Центр инновационного программирования”, NDDLab</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center of Innovative Programming, NDDLab</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>185</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмин Е.В., Горбунов О.Е., Плотников П.О., Тюкин В.А., Башкин В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин Е.В., Горбунов О.Е., Плотников П.О., Тюкин В.А., Башкин В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmin E.V., Gorbunov O.E., Plotnikov P.O., Tyukin V.A., Bashkin V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1486">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1486</self-uri><abstract><p>Для обеспечения безопасности движения на железнодорожном транспорте регулярно проводится неразрушающий контроль рельсов с применением различных подходов и методов, включая методы вихретоковой дефектоскопии. Актуальной задачей является автоматический анализ больших массивов данных (дефектограмм), которые поступают от соответствующего оборудования. Под анализом понимается процесс определения по дефектограммам наличия дефектных участков наряду с выявлением конструктивных элементов рельсового пути. При этом также большой интерес представляет и оценка степени опасности выявленных дефектов. Данная статья продолжает цикл работ, посвященных задаче автоматического распознавания образов дефектов и конструктивных элементов железнодорожных рельсов по вихретоковым дефектограммам. При формировании этих образов принимаются в расчет только полезные сигналы, пороговые уровни амплитуд которых определяются автоматически по вихретоковым данным. Статья посвящена задаче построения оценки степени опасности для выявленных поверхностных дефектов различной протяжённости. Построение оценки опирается на понятие обобщённой относительной амплитуды полезных сигналов. Относительная амплитуда представляет собой отношение реальной амплитуды сигнала к соответствующему пороговому уровню полезных сигналов. Обобщённая относительная амплитуда вычисляется с использованием энтропии полунормального распределения, которое предполагается модельным для распределения вероятностей появления тех или иных относительных амплитуд в оцениваемом дефекте. Настройка формулы расчёта степени опасности дефекта осуществляется на основе записей конструктивных элементов. В качестве эталонного наиболее опасного дефекта рассматривается болтовой рельсовый стык, который моделирует излом рельса. Эталонным слабым дефектом выступает электроконтактная сварка, дефектограмма которой, как правило, содержит сигналы с невысоким значением амплитуд. Предложенный подход к оценке степени опасности дефектов демонстрируется на примерах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To ensure traffic safety of railway transport, non-destructive tests of rails are regularly carried out by using various approaches and methods, including eddy-current flaw detection methods. An automatic analysis of large data sets (defectograms) that come from the corresponding equipment is an actual problem. The analysis means a process of determining the presence of defective sections along with identifying structural elements of railway tracks in defectograms. At the same time, severity estimation of defined defects is also of great interest. This article continues the cycle of works devoted to the problem of automatic recognition of images of defects and rail structural elements in eddy-current defectograms. In the process of forming these images, only useful signals are taken into account, the threshold levels of amplitudes of which are determined automatically from eddy-current data. The article is devoted to the issue of constructing severity estimation of found defects with various lengths. The construction of the severity estimation is based on a concept of the generalized relative amplitude of useful signals. A relative amplitude is a ratio of an actual signal amplitude to a corresponding threshold level of useful signals. The generalized relative amplitude is calculated by using the entropy of the half-normal distribution, which is assumed to be a model for a probability distribution of an appearance of certain relative amplitudes in an evaluated defect. Tuning up the formula for calculating severity estimation of a defect is carried out on the basis of eddy-current records of structural elements. As a reference of the most dangerous defect, the bolted rail joint is considered. It models a fracture of a rail. A reference weak defect is a flash butt weld, a defectogram of which contains signals with low amplitude values. The proposed approach to severity estimation of defects is shown by examples.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неразрушающий контроль рельсов</kwd><kwd>вихретоковая дефектоскопия</kwd><kwd>обнаружение дефектов</kwd><kwd>автоматический анализ дефектограмм</kwd><kwd>оценка опасности дефектов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nondestructive testing</kwd><kwd>eddy current testing</kwd><kwd>rail flaw detection</kwd><kwd>automated analysis of defectograms</kwd><kwd>severity estimation of defects</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. A. Markov and E. A. Kuznetsova, Rails flaw detection. Formation and analysis of signals. Book 1. Principles. 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