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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2021-4-434-451</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1569</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Algorithms</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Решение задач линейного программирования приведением к виду с очевидным ответом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Solving Linear Programming Problems by Reducing to the Form with an Obvious Answer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-849X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>Глеб Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>Gleb D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">stpnv42@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный педагогический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>434</fpage><lpage>451</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов Г.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов Г.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov G.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1569">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1569</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается способ решения задачи линейного программирования (ЗЛП), которая требует найти минимум или максимум линейного функционала на множестве неотрицательных решений системы линейных алгебраических уравнений с теми же неизвестными. Способ получен при усовершенствовании классического симплекс-метода, который, привлекая геометрические соображения фактически обобщает метод полных исключений Гаусса решения систем уравнений. Предлагаемый способ, как и метод полных исключений, исходит из чисто алгебраических соображений. Он заключается в преобразовании всей ЗЛП, включая целевую функцию, в эквивалентную задачу с очевидным ответом. Ради удобства преобразования целевого функционала, уравнения записываются как линейные функционалы в левой части и нули в правой. Из коэффициентов упомянутых функционалов составляется матрица, которая называется матрицей ЗЛП. Нулевая строка матрицы -- коэффициенты целевого функционала, $a_{00}$ -- его свободный член. Описание и обоснование алгоритмов ведется в терминах преобразования этой матрицы. При вычислениях матрица является расчетной таблицей. Рассматриваемый метод, по аналогии с симплекс-методом, состоит из трех этапов. На первом этапе матрица ЗЛП приводится к специальному 1-каноническому виду. При таких матрицах одно из базисных решений системы очевидно, и на нем целевой функционал равен $a_{00}$, что очень удобно. На втором этапе полученная матрица преобразуется в аналогичную матрицу с неположительными элементами нулевого столбца (кроме $a_{00}$), что влечет неотрицательность базисного решения. На третьем этапе матрица преобразуется в матрицу, обеспечивающую неотрицательность и оптимальность базисного решения. Для второго этапа, аналог которого в симплекс-методе использует искусственный базис и является наиболее трудоемким, приводятся два варианта без искусственных переменных. При описании первого из них, попутно, получен очень простой для понимания и запоминания аналог знаменитой леммы Фаркаша. Другой вариант совсем прост в применении, но его полное обоснование сложно и будет опубликовано отдельно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers a method for solving a linear programming problem (LPP), which requires finding the minimum or maximum of a linear functional on a set of non-negative solutions of a system of linear algebraic equations with the same unknowns. The method is obtained by improving the classical simplex method, which when involving geometric considerations, in fact, generalizes the Gauss complete exclusion method for solving systems of equations. The proposed method, as well as the method of complete exceptions, proceeds from purely algebraic considerations. It consists of converting the entire LPP, including the objective function, into an equivalent problem with an obvious answer. For the convenience of converting the target functional, the equations are written as linear functionals on the left side and zeros on the right one. From the coefficients of the mentioned functionals, a matrix is formed, which is called the LPP matrix. The zero row of the matrix is the coefficients of the target functional, $a_{00}$ is its free member. The algorithms are described and justified in terms of the transformation of this matrix. In calculations the matrix is a calculation table. The method under consideration by analogy with the simplex method consists of three stages. At the first stage the LPP matrix is reduced to a special 1-canonical form. With such matrices one of the basic solutions of the system is obvious, and the target functional on it is $ a_{00}$, which is very convenient. At the second stage the resulting matrix is transformed into a similar matrix with non-positive elements of the zero column (except $a_{00}$), which entails the non-negativity of the basic solution. At the third stage the matrix is transformed into a matrix that provides non-negativity and optimality of the basic solution. For the second stage the analog of which in the simplex method uses an artificial basis and is the most time-consuming, two variants without artificial variables are given. When describing the first of them, along the way, a very easy-to-understand and remember analogue of the famous Farkas lemma is obtained. The other option is quite simple to use, but its full justification is difficult and will be separately published.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>линейное программирование</kwd><kwd>метод Гаусса</kwd><kwd>симплекс-метод</kwd><kwd>матрица ЗЛП</kwd><kwd>разрешающий элемент</kwd><kwd>правило выбора</kwd><kwd>лемма Фаркаша</kwd><kwd>системы линейных уравнений</kwd><kwd>неотрицательное решение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linear programming</kwd><kwd>Gauss method</kwd><kwd>simplex method</kwd><kwd>LPP matrix</kwd><kwd>resolving element</kwd><kwd>choice rule</kwd><kwd>Farkas lemma</kwd><kwd>systems of linear equations</kwd><kwd>non-negative solution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. I. Gass, Linear Programming: Methods and Applications. McGraw-Hill: New York, 1958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. I. 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