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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2022-3-166-180</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1710</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Algorithms</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Двухшаговая раскраска графов решетки различных типов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Two-Step Colouring of Grid Graphs of Different Types</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-2507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Александр Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Alexander Valeryevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alexander_sm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П. Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1710">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1710</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье рассматривается NP-трудная задача о двухшаговой раскраске графа. Она состоит в нахождении такой раскраски в заданное число цветов, при которой ни одна пара вершин на расстоянии 1 или 2 друг от друга не будет окрашена в одинаковый цвет. Оптимальной считается двухшаговая раскраска в минимально возможное количество цветов.Задача о двухшаговой раскраске исследуется применительно к графам решетки. Рассмотрены четыре типа решеток: треугольная, квадратная, шестиугольная и восьмиугольная. Показано, что в общем случае для оптимальной двухшаговой раскраски графов шестиугольной и восьмиугольной решетки требуется 4 цвета, приводятся полиномиальные алгоритмы получения такой раскраски. Для графа квадратной решетки, в котором максимальная степень вершины равна 3, может потребоваться 4 или 5 цветов для двухшаговой раскраски. В данной работе предложен алгоритм поиска с возвратом для этого случая. Для графов треугольной решетки представлен линейный относительно количества вершин алгоритм двухшаговой раскраски в 7 цветов, показано, что раскраска будет всегда корректной. Если максимальная степень вершины равна 6, решение будет оптимальным.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, we consider the NP-hard problem of the two-step colouring of a graph. It is required to colour the graph in a given number of colours in a way, when no pair of vertices has the same colour, if these vertices are at a distance of 1 or 2 between each other. The optimum two-step colouring is one that uses the minimum possible number of colours.The two-step colouring problem is studied in application to grid graphs. We consider four types of grids: triangular, square, hexagonal, and octogonal. We show that the optimum two-step colouring of hexagonal and octogonal grid graphs requires 4 colours in the general case. We formulate the polynomial algorithms for such a colouring. A square grid graph with the maximum vertex degree equal to 3 requires 4 or 5 colours for a two-step colouring. In the paper, we suggest the backtracking algorithm for this case. Also, we present the algorithm, which works in linear time relative to the number of vertices, for the two-step colouring in 7 colours of a triangular grid graph and show that this colouring is always correct. If the maximum vertex degree equals 6, the solution is optimum.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>двухшаговая раскраска графа</kwd><kwd>граф решетки</kwd><kwd>граф треугольной решетки</kwd><kwd>граф квадратной решетки</kwd><kwd>граф шестиугольной решетки</kwd><kwd>граф восьмиугольной решетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>two-step graph colouring</kwd><kwd>grid graph</kwd><kwd>triangular grid graph</kwd><kwd>square grid graph</kwd><kwd>hexagonal grid graph</kwd><kwd>octogonal grid graph</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. V. Korsakov, A. V. Smirnov, and V. A. 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