<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2024-2-164-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1852</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Computing Methodologies and Applications</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подавление аддитивных периодических низкочастотных помех на вихретоковых дефектограммах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Suppression of additive periodic low-frequency interference on eddy current defectograms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0610-5466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быстров</surname><given-names>Леонид Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bystrov</surname><given-names>Leonid Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">bystrovl0306@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0211-5660</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладков</surname><given-names>Артемий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladkov</surname><given-names>Artemy N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">gladkov.art76@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-306X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Егор Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>Egor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmin@uniyar.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Быстров Л.Ю., Гладков А.Н., Кузьмин Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Быстров Л.Ю., Гладков А.Н., Кузьмин Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bystrov L.Y., Gladkov A.N., Kuzmin E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1852">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1852</self-uri><abstract><p>Безопасность движения на железнодорожном транспорте требует регулярной проверки состояния рельсов для отслеживания и своевременного устранения возникающих на них дефектов. Вихретоковая дефектоскопия — один из популярных методов проведения неразрушающего контроля рельсов. Данные (дефектограммы), поступающие от вихретоковых дефектоскопов при тестировании рельсов, характеризуются большим объёмом и нуждаются в эффективном автоматическом анализе. Под анализом понимается процесс определения по дефектограммам наличия дефектных участков наряду с выявлением конструктивных элементов рельсового пути с учётом шума и возможных помех разной природы. Для выделения полезных сигналов (от дефектов и конструктивных элементов) находится пороговый уровень шума, значение которого может быть искажено накладывающимися на сигналы электромагнитными помехами, обладающими выраженной низкочастотностью и периодичностью. Указанные помехи завышают пороговый уровень шума, осложняя выявление полезных сигналов. В связи с этим возникает необходимость в подавлении помех описанного типа. В данной работе в качестве метода устранения помех на вихретоковых дефектограммах используется спектральное вычитание. Функция помех определяется как сумма низкочастотных гармоник дискретного преобразования Фурье исходных сигналов. Очищенные от помех сигналы получаются вычитанием гармоник низкочастотного диапазона. Правая граница этого диапазона названа частотой пороговой гармоники. Она находится с помощью минимизации расстояния между автокорреляционной функцией сигналов и ожидаемой автокорреляцией. Предложены два вида ожидаемой автокорреляции: автокорреляция гауссовского шума и эталонная автокорреляция. Оба подхода позволяют определить частоту пороговой гармоники, при которой периодические помехи будут подавляться наилучшим образом. Метод, основанный на автокорреляции гауссовского шума, является в некотором роде универсальным для вихретоковых дефектограмм. Эталонная автокорреляция привязана к конкретным данным и пишущему оборудованию. Для рассматриваемых данных вихретоковых дефектограмм найдена наиболее подходящая частота пороговой гармоники. Описанные подходы к подавлению периодических низкочастотных помех помимо вихретоковой дефектоскопии могут успешно применяться и в других областях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Traffic safety in railway transport requires regular inspection of the rail condition to identify and timely eliminate defects. Eddy current flaw detection is one of the popular methods of non-destructive rail testing. The data (defectograms) obtained from eddy current flaw detectors during rail testing are produced in large volume and therefore need in efficient automatic analysis. The analysis means the process of detecting on defectograms the presence of defective areas and identification of structural elements of the rail track, taking into account noise and possible interferences of various natures. The threshold noise level is found to isolate signals from defects and structural elements. Its value can be distorted by electromagnetic influences superimposed on the signals, which have pronounced low frequency and periodicity. This interferences raises the threshold noise level, complicating to detect useful signals. In this regard, there is a need to suppress the effects of the described type. Therefore, there is a need for described interferences reduction. In this paper spectral subtraction was used as a method for interference reduction on eddy current defectograms. The interference function was defined as the sum of the low-frequency harmonics of the Discrete Fourier Transform of the original signal. Then the interference-free signal can be found by subtracting of low-frequency range harmonics. The right boundary of this range was called the threshold harmonic frequency. It was found minimizing the distance of the signal's autocorrelation function and expected autocorrelation. For it two kinds were proposed: the noise autocorrelation and the reference autocorrelation. Both approaches allow to determine the threshold harmonic frequency so that periodic interferences will be best reduced. The based on the Gaussian noise autocorrelation method is somewhat universal for eddy current defectograms. Whereas the based on reference autocorrelation method depends on specific data and recording equipment. For the eddy current defectogram data under consideration, the most suitable threshold harmonic frequency was found. The described approaches to periodic low-frequency interference reduction, in addition to eddy current testing, can be successfully used for other areas.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вихретоковая дефектоскопия</kwd><kwd>поверхностные дефекты рельсов</kwd><kwd>периодические помехи</kwd><kwd>спектральное вычитание</kwd><kwd>автокорреляционная функция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>eddy current testing</kwd><kwd>rail surface defects</kwd><kwd>periodic interference</kwd><kwd>spectral subtraction</kwd><kwd>authocorrelation function</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ЯрГУ (проект VIP-016).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State University (project VIP-016).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K. V. Vlasov and A. L. Bobrov, “Influence of Object Physical Properties Instability on Edge Current Method Sensitivity,” Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M. T. Kalashnikova, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2024, doi: 10.22213/2413-1172-2024-1-55-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">K. V. Vlasov and A. L. Bobrov, “Influence of Object Physical Properties Instability on Edge Current Method Sensitivity,” Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M. T. Kalashnikova, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2024, doi: 10.22213/2413-1172-2024-1-55-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. A. Markov and E. A. Kuznecova, Defektoskopiya rel'sov. Formirovanie i analiz signalov. Kniga 2. Rasshifrovka defektogramm. Ul'tra Print, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. A. Markov and E. A. Kuznecova, Defektoskopiya rel'sov. Formirovanie i analiz signalov. Kniga 2. Rasshifrovka defektogramm. Ul'tra Print, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E. V. Kuzmin, O. E. Gorbunov, P. O. Plotnikov, and V. A. Tyukin, “On Finding a Threshold of Useful Signals in the Analysis of Magnetic and Eddy Current Defectograms,” Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 760–771, 2017, doi: 10.18255/1818-1015-2017-6-760-771.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E. V. Kuzmin, O. E. Gorbunov, P. O. Plotnikov, and V. A. Tyukin, “On Finding a Threshold of Useful Signals in the Analysis of Magnetic and Eddy Current Defectograms,” Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 760–771, 2017, doi: 10.18255/1818-1015-2017-6-760-771.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Y. Xu, Y. Jing, Y. Wand, R. He, J. Wang, and Y. Geng, “Novel denoizing method for partial discharge signals using singular value decomposition and spectral subtraction,” IET Science, Measurement and Technology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 105–114, 2022, doi: 10.1049/smt2.12134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Y. Xu, Y. Jing, Y. Wand, R. He, J. Wang, and Y. Geng, “Novel denoizing method for partial discharge signals using singular value decomposition and spectral subtraction,” IET Science, Measurement and Technology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 105–114, 2022, doi: 10.1049/smt2.12134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Q. Liu, Y. Yu, B. S. Han, and W. Zhou, “An Improved Spectral Subtraction Method for Eliminating Additive Noise in Condition Monitoring System Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 2, p. 443, 2024, doi: 10.3390/s24020443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Q. Liu, Y. Yu, B. S. Han, and W. Zhou, “An Improved Spectral Subtraction Method for Eliminating Additive Noise in Condition Monitoring System Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 2, p. 443, 2024, doi: 10.3390/s24020443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D. Shah and B. Shah, “Comparison of spectral subtraction noise reduction algorithms,” Journal of Emerging Investigators, vol. 6, pp. 22–262, 2023, doi: 10.59720/22-262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D. Shah and B. Shah, “Comparison of spectral subtraction noise reduction algorithms,” Journal of Emerging Investigators, vol. 6, pp. 22–262, 2023, doi: 10.59720/22-262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">N. Ahmed and K. R. Rao, Ortogonal'nye preobrazovaniya pri obrabotke cifrovyh signalov. Svyaz', 1980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">N. Ahmed and K. R. Rao, Ortogonal'nye preobrazovaniya pri obrabotke cifrovyh signalov. Svyaz', 1980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">G. M. Jenkins, Spectral Analysis and Its Applications. Holden-Day, 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">G. M. Jenkins, Spectral Analysis and Its Applications. Holden-Day, 1968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. F. Boll, “Suppression of Acoustic Noise in Speech Using Spectral Subtraction,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 113–120, 1979, doi: 10.1109/TASSP.1979.1163209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. F. Boll, “Suppression of Acoustic Noise in Speech Using Spectral Subtraction,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 113–120, 1979, doi: 10.1109/TASSP.1979.1163209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O. D. Anderson, “Moments of the sampled autocovariances and autocorrelations for a Gaussian white noise process,” The Canadian Journal of Statistics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 271–284, 1990, doi: 10.2307/3315458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O. D. Anderson, “Moments of the sampled autocovariances and autocorrelations for a Gaussian white noise process,” The Canadian Journal of Statistics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 271–284, 1990, doi: 10.2307/3315458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
