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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2024-2-182-193</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1853</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Artificial Intelligence</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Детекция БПЛА при помощи нейронных сетей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>UAV detection using neural networks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3111-1488</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверина</surname><given-names>Мария Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averina</surname><given-names>Maria D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">maverina518@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8078-4447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леванова</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levanova</surname><given-names>Olga</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">olaydy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5696-5452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грушевская</surname><given-names>Дарья</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grushevskaya</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">grushevskaya.d.v@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8764-7860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухарев</surname><given-names>Кирилл Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukharev</surname><given-names>Kirill A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kirillkukharev76@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-0784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murin</surname><given-names>Dmitriy M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nirum87@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7890-6418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинин</surname><given-names>Максим Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinin</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">maksim.kalinin.2110@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>193</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аверина М.Д., Леванова О.А., Грушевская Д.V., Кухарев К.А., Мурин Д.М., Калинин М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аверина М.Д., Леванова О.А., Грушевская Д., Кухарев К.А., Мурин Д.М., Калинин М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Averina M.D., Levanova O., Grushevskaya D.V., Kukharev K.A., Murin D.M., Kalinin M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1853">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1853</self-uri><abstract><p>Доступность беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) привела к тому, что их стали часто использовать при совершении правонарушений. Такая ситуация делает актуальной разработку систем обнаружения БПЛА. При обнаружении БПЛА применяются различные подходы на основе анализа радиочастотных и акустических сигналов, а также обработки видео данных. Лучшие результаты в обнаружении БПЛА на видео показывают решения, основанные на глубоких нейронных сетях. В этой статье мы представляем исследование различных нейросетевых детекторов и оценку возможности их практического использования в системах видеонаблюдения. Основной акцент работы направлен на выявление как можно более маленьких объектов, вплоть до размеров $4\times4$ пикселя. В работе представлены результаты анализа архитектур SSD(VGG16), YOLOv3 и их модификаций. В качестве метрик качества использовались полнота и точность, которые вычислялись отдельно для разных размеров объекта. Лучший результат был получен для модели YOLOv3 со значениями параметров bbox, подобранных в результате кластеризации размеров объектов. При распознавании дронов размера $3\times3$ удалось достичь точности 76% при очень маленьком значении полноты 26%. Для объектов, площадь которых составляет от 10 до 20 пикселей полнота составила 64% при точности 75%. Для объектов большего размера в среднем получилась полнота 90%, точность 89% и F1-мера 90%. Данные результаты показывают, что распознавание дронов возможно даже при размере $4\times4$, что может быть успешно использовано в системах видеонаблюдения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The availability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has led to a significant increase in the number of offenses involving their use. This makes the development of UAV detection systems relevant. Solutions based on deep neural networks show the best results in detecting UAVs on video. This article presents a study of various neural network detectors and focuses on identifying objects as small as possible, up to the size of $4\times4$ and even $3\times3$ pixels. The work investigates architectures SSD (VGG16) and YOLOv3 and it's modifications. Precision and recall metrics are calculated separately for different intervals of the object areas. The best result have been shown by YOLOv3 model with bbox parameters chosen as the result of object sizes clustering. Small ($3\times3$ px) drones have been successfully identified with 76% precision and a very small recall of 26%. For objects between 10 and 20 pixels in area, the recall is 64% with an accuracy of 75%. For objects with an area more than 20px the recall is about 90%, the precision is 89%, and the F1 score is 90%. These results show that it is possible to recognize even $4\times4$ pixel drones, which can be used in video surveillance systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детекция БПЛА</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>UAV detection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ЯрГУ (проект VIP-016).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State University (project VIP-016).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">“European ATM Master Plan: Digitalising Europe’s Aviation Infrastructure. Executive view.” 2020, doi: 10.2829/695700.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“European ATM Master Plan: Digitalising Europe’s Aviation Infrastructure. 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