<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2025-2-132-149</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1937</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Discrete Mathematics in Relation to Computer Science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Точный алгоритм для задачи о минимальном полном остовном дереве в делимом кратном графе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Exact algorithm for the problem of the minimum complete spanning tree of a divisible multiple graph</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-2507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Александр Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alexander_sm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1937">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1937</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются неориентированные кратные графы произвольной натуральной кратности $k&gt;1$. Кратный граф содержит ребра трех типов: обычные, кратные и мультиребра. Ребра последних двух типов представляют собой объединение $k$ связанных ребер, которые соединяют 2 или $(k+1)$ вершину соответственно. Связанные ребра могут использоваться только согласованно. Делимые графы представляют собой специальный класс кратных графов. Их основная особенность состоит в возможности разделить граф на $k$ частей, которые будут согласованы на связанных ребрах и не будут иметь общих ребер. Каждая часть является обычным графом. Кратное дерево представляет собой кратный граф без кратных циклов. Количество ребер может быть разным для кратных деревьев с одинаковым количеством вершин. Также можно рассмотреть остовные деревья в кратном графе. Остовное дерево является полным, если кратный путь, соединяющий любые две выбранные вершины, существует в дереве тогда и только тогда, когда такой путь существует в исходном графе. Задача о минимальном полном остовном дереве в кратном графе NP-трудна даже в случае делимого графа. В данной статье мы получим точный алгоритм для задачи о минимальном полном остовном дереве в делимом кратном графе. Также мы определим подкласс делимых графов, для которых алгоритм будет выполняться за полиномиальное время.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>We study undirected multiple graphs of any natural multiplicity $k &gt; 1$. There are edges of three types: ordinary edges, multiple edges, and multi-edges. Each edge of the last two types is a union of $k$ linked edges, which connect 2 or $(k + 1)$ vertices, correspondingly. The linked edges should be used simultaneously. Divisible graphs form a special class of multiple graphs. The main peculiarity of them is a possibility to divide the graph into $k$ parts, which are adjusted on the linked edges and which have no common edges. Each part is an ordinary graph. The multiple tree is a multiple graph with no multiple cycles. The number of edges may be different for multiple trees with the same number of vertices. Also we can consider spanning trees of a multiple graph. A spanning tree is complete if a multiple path joining any two selected vertices exists in the tree if and only if such a path exists in the initial graph. The problem of the minimum complete spanning tree of a multiple graph is NP-hard even in the case of a divisible graph. In this article, we obtain an exact algorithm for the problem of the minimum complete spanning tree of a divisible multiple graph. Also we define a subclass of divisible graphs, for which the algorithm runs in polynomial time.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кратный граф</kwd><kwd>делимый граф</kwd><kwd>кратное дерево</kwd><kwd>полное остовное дерево</kwd><kwd>точный алгоритм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple graph</kwd><kwd>divisible graph</kwd><kwd>multiple tree</kwd><kwd>complete spanning tree</kwd><kwd>exact algorithm</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">ЯрГУ (проект VIP-016).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State University (project VIP-016).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. V. Smirnov, “The Shortest Path Problem for a Multiple Graph,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 625–633, 2018, doi: 10.3103/S0146411618070234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. V. Smirnov, “The Shortest Path Problem for a Multiple Graph,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 625–633, 2018, doi: 10.3103/S0146411618070234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. V. Smirnov, “The Spanning Tree of a Divisible Multiple Graph,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 871–879, 2018, doi: 10.3103/S0146411618070325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. V. Smirnov, “The Spanning Tree of a Divisible Multiple Graph,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 871–879, 2018, doi: 10.3103/S0146411618070325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. V. Smirnov, “Spanning tree of a multiple graph,” Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 850–869, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10878-021-00810-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. V. Smirnov, “Spanning tree of a multiple graph,” Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 850–869, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10878-021-00810-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. V. Smirnov, “NP-Completeness of the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem of a Multiple Graph of Multiplicity $k geqslant 3$,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 788–799, 2022, doi: 10.3103/S0146411622070173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. V. Smirnov, “NP-Completeness of the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem of a Multiple Graph of Multiplicity $k geqslant 3$,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 788–799, 2022, doi: 10.3103/S0146411622070173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, and C. Stein, Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd ed. The MIT Press, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, and C. Stein, Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd ed. The MIT Press, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">C. Berge, Graphs and Hypergraphs. North-Holland Publishing Company, 1973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">C. Berge, Graphs and Hypergraphs. North-Holland Publishing Company, 1973.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. Basu and R. W. Blanning, “Metagraphs in workflow support systems,” Decision Support Systems, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 199–208, 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0167-9236(99)00006-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. Basu and R. W. Blanning, “Metagraphs in workflow support systems,” Decision Support Systems, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 199–208, 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0167-9236(99)00006-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. Basu and R. W. Blanning, Metagraphs and Their Applications, vol. 15. Springer US, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. Basu and R. W. Blanning, Metagraphs and Their Applications, vol. 15. Springer US, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">V. S. Rublev and A. V. Smirnov, “Flows in Multiple Networks,” Yaroslavsky Pedagogichesky Vestnik, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 60–68, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V. S. Rublev and A. V. Smirnov, “Flows in Multiple Networks,” Yaroslavsky Pedagogichesky Vestnik, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 60–68, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. V. Smirnov, “The Problem of Finding the Maximum Multiple Flow in the Divisible Network and its Special Cases,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 527–535, 2016, doi: 10.3103/S0146411616070191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. V. Smirnov, “The Problem of Finding the Maximum Multiple Flow in the Divisible Network and its Special Cases,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 527–535, 2016, doi: 10.3103/S0146411616070191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. R. Ford and D. R. Fulkerson, Flows in Networks. Princeton University Press, 1962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. R. Ford and D. R. Fulkerson, Flows in Networks. Princeton University Press, 1962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">V. S. Roublev and A. V. Smirnov, “The Problem of Integer-Valued Balancing of a Three-Dimensional Matrix and Algorithms of Its Solution,” Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 72–98, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V. S. Roublev and A. V. Smirnov, “The Problem of Integer-Valued Balancing of a Three-Dimensional Matrix and Algorithms of Its Solution,” Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 72–98, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. V. Smirnov, “Network Model for the Problem of Integer Balancing of a Four-Dimensional Matrix,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 558–566, 2017, doi: 10.3103/S0146411617070185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. V. Smirnov, “Network Model for the Problem of Integer Balancing of a Four-Dimensional Matrix,” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 558–566, 2017, doi: 10.3103/S0146411617070185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. B. Kruskal, “On the Shortest Spanning Subtree of a Graph and the Traveling Salesman Problem,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 48–50, 1956, doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-1956-0078686-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J. B. Kruskal, “On the Shortest Spanning Subtree of a Graph and the Traveling Salesman Problem,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 48–50, 1956, doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-1956-0078686-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
