<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2025-4-360-383</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-1980</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Discrete Mathematics in Relation to Computer Science</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритмы комбинаторной генерации на основе структур деревьев И/ИЛИ для класса алгебраических производящих функций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Combinatorial generation algorithms based on AND/OR tree structures for a class of algebraic generating functions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9695-7493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабля</surname><given-names>Юрий Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shablya</surname><given-names>Yuriy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">shablya-yv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский государственный университет систем управления и радиоэлектроники</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>360</fpage><lpage>383</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шабля Ю.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шабля Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shablya Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1980">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1980</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье предложен систематический подход к разработке алгоритмов комбинаторной генерации для множеств дискретных структур, мощность которых задается коэффициентами алгебраических производящих функций и их степеней. Исследование базируется на наличии связи между операциями над производящими функциями и комбинаторными множествами. В качестве основы использован математический аппарат деревьев И/ИЛИ, который позволяет комбинировать алгоритмы комбинаторной генерации для простых подструктур в сложные комбинаторные объекты. При этом основным теоретическим результатом работы является вывод новых эффективных рекуррентных формул для вычисления значений коэффициентов алгебраических производящих функций и их степеней с полиномиальной вычислительной сложностью $O((n_1 + \ldots + n_m + m) \cdot n^2)$ по времени и $O(n^2)$ по памяти. На основе доказанных теорем о рекуррентных формулах, предложенный подход позволяет строить алгоритмы с полиномиальной оценкой вычислительной сложности, что делает их применимыми для решения практических задач в области прикладной дискретной математики и теоретической информатики. Кроме того, использование коэффициентов степеней производящих функций расширяет возможности генерации, так как это позволяет строить не только объекты исходного комбинаторного множества, связанного с производящей функцией, но и кортежи таких объектов. Апробация предложенного подхода показана на примерах получения рекуррентных формул и алгоритмов генерации на их основе для классических числовых последовательностей, таких как числа Фибоначчи, Пелля, Каталана, Моцкина и Шредера. Предложенный подход открывает новые возможности для решения задач оптимизации, моделирования и кодирования сложных дискретных структур, например, в таких областях как биоинформатика и криптография.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper proposes a systematic approach to developing combinatorial generation algorithms for sets of discrete structures whose cardinality is determined by the coefficients of algebraic generating functions and their powers. The study is based on the relationship between operations on generating functions and combinatorial sets. It uses the mathematical apparatus of AND/OR trees as a foundation, which allows combining combinatorial generation algorithms for simple substructures into complex combinatorial objects. The main theoretical result of the work is the derivation of new efficient recurrence formulas for calculating the values of the coefficients of algebraic generating functions and their powers with polynomial computational complexity $O((n_1 + \ldots + n_m + m) \cdot n^2)$ for time and $O(n^2)$ for memory. Based on proven theorems on recurrence formulas, the proposed approach enables the construction of algorithms with polynomial computational complexity estimates, making them applicable to solving practical problems in applied discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science. Moreover, the use of coefficients of generating function powers expands the generation capabilities, since it allows us to construct not only objects of the original combinatorial set associated with the generating function, but also tuples of such objects. Validation of the proposed approach is demonstrated using examples of deriving recurrence formulas and generation algorithms based on them for classical numerical sequences, such as the Fibonacci, Pell, Catalan, Motzkin, and Schroder numbers. The proposed approach opens up new possibilities for solving problems of optimization, modeling, and coding complex discrete structures, for example, in fields such as bioinformatics and cryptography.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дискретная структура</kwd><kwd>комбинаторная генерация</kwd><kwd>алгебраическая производящая функция</kwd><kwd>функциональное уравнение</kwd><kwd>рекуррентная формула</kwd><kwd>дерево И/ИЛИ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>discrete structure</kwd><kwd>combinatorial generation</kwd><kwd>algebraic generating function</kwd><kwd>functional equation</kwd><kwd>recurrence formula</kwd><kwd>AND/OR tree</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. Kemp, “Digital 2024: Global overview report.” 2024, Accessed: Nov. 01, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-global-overview-report.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. Kemp, “Digital 2024: Global overview report.” 2024, Accessed: Nov. 01, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-global-overview-report.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D. E. Knuth, The art of computer programming. Volume 4A: Combinatorial algorithms, part 1. USA: Addison-Wesley, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D. E. Knuth, The art of computer programming. Volume 4A: Combinatorial algorithms, part 1. USA: Addison-Wesley, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D. E. Knuth, The art of computer programming. Volume 4B: Combinatorial algorithms, part 2. USA: Addison-Wesley, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D. E. Knuth, The art of computer programming. Volume 4B: Combinatorial algorithms, part 2. USA: Addison-Wesley, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D. L. Kreher and D. R. Stinson, Combinatorial algorithms: Generation, enumeration, and search. USA: CRC Press, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D. L. Kreher and D. R. Stinson, Combinatorial algorithms: Generation, enumeration, and search. USA: CRC Press, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E. Seyedi-Tabari, H. Ahrabian, and A. Nowzari-Dalini, “A new algorithm for generation of different types of RNA,” International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 1197–1207, 2010, doi: 10.1080/00207160802140049.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E. Seyedi-Tabari, H. Ahrabian, and A. Nowzari-Dalini, “A new algorithm for generation of different types of RNA,” International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 1197–1207, 2010, doi: 10.1080/00207160802140049.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. E. Nebel, A. Scheid, and F. Weinberg, “Random generation of RNA secondary structures according to native distributions,” Algorithms for Molecular Biology, vol. 6, p. 24, 2011, doi: 10.1186/1748-7188-6-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. E. Nebel, A. Scheid, and F. Weinberg, “Random generation of RNA secondary structures according to native distributions,” Algorithms for Molecular Biology, vol. 6, p. 24, 2011, doi: 10.1186/1748-7188-6-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E. Onokpasa, S. Wild, and P. W. H. Wong, “RNA secondary structures: from ab initio prediction to better compression, and back,” in Data Compression Conference, 2023, pp. 278–287, doi: 10.1109/DCC55655.2023.00036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E. Onokpasa, S. Wild, and P. W. H. Wong, “RNA secondary structures: from ab initio prediction to better compression, and back,” in Data Compression Conference, 2023, pp. 278–287, doi: 10.1109/DCC55655.2023.00036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Bellare, T. Ristenpart, P. Rogaway, and T. Stegers, “Format-preserving encryption,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science: International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography, vol. 5867, pp. 295–312, 2009, doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-05445-7_19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Bellare, T. Ristenpart, P. Rogaway, and T. Stegers, “Format-preserving encryption,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science: International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography, vol. 5867, pp. 295–312, 2009, doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-05445-7_19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D. Luchaup, T. Shrimpton, T. Ristenpart, and S. Jha, “Formatted encryption beyond regular languages,” in ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2014, pp. 1292–1303, doi: 10.1145/2660267.266035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D. Luchaup, T. Shrimpton, T. Ristenpart, and S. Jha, “Formatted encryption beyond regular languages,” in ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2014, pp. 1292–1303, doi: 10.1145/2660267.266035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. V. Goldberg and M. Sipser, “Compression and ranking,” SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 524–536, 1991, doi: 10.1137/0220034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. V. Goldberg and M. Sipser, “Compression and ranking,” SIAM Journal on Computing, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 524–536, 1991, doi: 10.1137/0220034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Y. V. Shablya, “Compression of information objects using combinatorial generation methods based on AND/OR trees,” Proceedings of TUSUR University, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 74–79, 2024, doi: 10.21293/1818-0442-2024-27-4-74-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Y. V. Shablya, “Compression of information objects using combinatorial generation methods based on AND/OR trees,” Proceedings of TUSUR University, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 74–79, 2024, doi: 10.21293/1818-0442-2024-27-4-74-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Y. V. Shablya, D. V. Kruchinin, and V. V. Kruchinin, “Method for developing combinatorial generation algorithms based on AND/OR trees and its application,” Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 962, 2020, doi: 10.3390/math8060962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Y. V. Shablya, D. V. Kruchinin, and V. V. Kruchinin, “Method for developing combinatorial generation algorithms based on AND/OR trees and its application,” Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 962, 2020, doi: 10.3390/math8060962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Y. V. Shablya, “A method for constructing combinatorial generation algorithms for context-free languages based on AND/OR tree structures,” Information Technologies, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 465–476, 2025, doi: 10.17587/it.31.465-476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Y. V. Shablya, “A method for constructing combinatorial generation algorithms for context-free languages based on AND/OR tree structures,” Information Technologies, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 465–476, 2025, doi: 10.17587/it.31.465-476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Y. V. Shablya and D. V. Kruchinin, “Algorithms for ranking and unranking the combinatorial set of RNA secondary structures,” Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications, p. 2550059, 2025, doi: 10.1142/S1793830925500594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Y. V. Shablya and D. V. Kruchinin, “Algorithms for ranking and unranking the combinatorial set of RNA secondary structures,” Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications, p. 2550059, 2025, doi: 10.1142/S1793830925500594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">P. Flajolet, P. Zimmerman, and B. Cutsem, “A calculus for the random generation of combinatorial structures,” Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 132, no. 1--2, pp. 1–35, 1994, doi: 10.1016/0304-3975(94)90226-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">P. Flajolet, P. Zimmerman, and B. Cutsem, “A calculus for the random generation of combinatorial structures,” Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 132, no. 1--2, pp. 1–35, 1994, doi: 10.1016/0304-3975(94)90226-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">C. Martinez and X. Molinero, “A generic approach for the unranking of labeled combinatorial classes,” Random Structures and Algorithms, vol. 19, no. 3--4, pp. 472–497, 2001, doi: 10.1002/rsa.10025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">C. Martinez and X. Molinero, “A generic approach for the unranking of labeled combinatorial classes,” Random Structures and Algorithms, vol. 19, no. 3--4, pp. 472–497, 2001, doi: 10.1002/rsa.10025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">C. Martinez and X. Molinero, “Efficient iteration in admissible combinatorial classes,” Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 346, no. 2--3, pp. 388–417, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.tcs.2005.08.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">C. Martinez and X. Molinero, “Efficient iteration in admissible combinatorial classes,” Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 346, no. 2--3, pp. 388–417, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.tcs.2005.08.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. P. Stanley, Enumerative combinatorics. Volume 2. USA: Cambridge University Press, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. P. Stanley, Enumerative combinatorics. Volume 2. USA: Cambridge University Press, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A. V. Aho, J. E. Hopcroft, and J. D. Ullman, The design and analysis of computer algorithms. USA: Addison-Wesley, 1974.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A. V. Aho, J. E. Hopcroft, and J. D. Ullman, The design and analysis of computer algorithms. USA: Addison-Wesley, 1974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">“The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.” 2025, Accessed: Nov. 01, 2025. [Online]. Available: http://www.oeis.org/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.” 2025, Accessed: Nov. 01, 2025. [Online]. Available: http://www.oeis.org/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D. V. Kruchinin, V. V. Kruchinin, and Y. V. Shablya, “On some properties of generalized Narayana numbers,” Quaestiones Mathematicae, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1949–1963, 2022, doi: 10.2989/16073606.2021.1980448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D. V. Kruchinin, V. V. Kruchinin, and Y. V. Shablya, “On some properties of generalized Narayana numbers,” Quaestiones Mathematicae, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1949–1963, 2022, doi: 10.2989/16073606.2021.1980448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
