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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2026-1-48-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-2002</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Artificial Intelligence</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применимость больших языковых моделей в задаче пословного выравнивания русско-английских битекстов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Applying large language models to Russian-English word alignment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-1355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">morozowdm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-161X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махова</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">discourse@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-9406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дяченко</surname><given-names>Павел Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyachenko</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.v.dyachenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козеренко</surname><given-names>Анастасия Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozerenko</surname><given-names>Anastasia D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">akozerenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский физико-технический институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Морозов Д.А., Махова А.А., Дяченко П.В., Козеренко А.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Морозов Д.А., Махова А.А., Дяченко П.В., Козеренко А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morozov D.A., Makhova A.A., Dyachenko P.V., Kozerenko A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2002">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2002</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей статье исследуется задача автоматического пословного выравнивания параллельных текстов, являющаяся фундаментальным этапом для обучения систем машинного перевода, сопоставительного исследования языков и создания лингвистических ресурсов. В условиях дефицита аннотированных данных для многих языковых пар особую актуальность приобретает вопрос применимости больших языковых моделей (LLM), обладающих высокими обобщающими способностями и способных решать многие задачи без длительного обучения на целевой выборке. Работа посвящена сравнительному анализу эффективности современных LLM общего назначения и специализированных алгоритмов выравнивания на материале русско-английской языковой пары. Проведённое исследование включало тестирование десяти передовых моделей (в том числе Gemini 3 Pro, GPT-5.2, Claude Sonnet 4.5) с использованием различных стратегий промптирования (zero-shot, few-shot), а также пяти базовых подходов: от статистических методов (fast-align, eflomal) до нейросетевых архитектур (AwesomeAlign, AccAlign, BinaryAlign). Оценка качества производилась на основе метрик точности, полноты, F-меры и AER с использованием размеченных данных Национального корпуса русского языка. Результаты экспериментов показали, что специализированный алгоритм BinaryAlign сохраняет лидерство по совокупному качеству разметки (F-мера 0.883, AER 0.113). Однако ведущие LLM, в частности Gemini 3 Pro Preview и GPT-5.2, продемонстрировали результаты, превзошедшие большинство классических и ранних нейросетевых решений. Примечательно, что для наиболее эффективных моделей добавление примеров в контекст часто снижало качество по сравнению с режимом zero-shot. Таким образом, современные LLM могут служить надежным инструментом для высокоуровневого выравнивания в условиях отсутствия обучающих выборок, что открывает новые перспективы для обработки малоресурсных языковых пар.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper investigates the task of automatic word alignment in parallel texts, a fundamental step for training machine translation systems, conducting comparative linguistic studies, and creating linguistic resources. Given the scarcity of annotated data for many language pairs, the applicability of Large Language Models (LLMs) becomes particularly relevant due to their high generalization capabilities and ability to solve tasks without extensive fine-tuning on target datasets. This study presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of modern general-purpose LLMs versus specialized alignment algorithms using Russian-English parallel data. The research involved testing ten state-of-the-art models (including Gemini 3 Pro, GPT-5.2, and Claude Sonnet 4.5) using various prompting strategies (zero-shot, few-shot), alongside five baseline approaches ranging from statistical methods (fast-align, eflomal) to neural network architectures (AwesomeAlign, AccAlign, BinaryAlign). Performance was evaluated based on Precision, Recall, F-measure, and Alignment Error Rate (AER) metrics using annotated data from the Russian National Corpus. Experimental results indicated that the specialized BinaryAlign algorithm maintains the lead in overall alignment quality (F-measure 0.883, AER 0.113). However, leading LLMs, specifically Gemini 3 Pro Preview and GPT-5.2, demonstrated results surpassing those of most classic and early neural network baselines. Notably, for the most effective models, including in-context examples often reduced performance compared to the zero-shot setting. Thus, modern LLMs can serve as a reliable tool for high-quality alignment in the absence of training data, opening new perspectives for processing low-resource language pairs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пословное выравнивание</kwd><kwd>большие языковые модели</kwd><kwd>параллельные корпусы</kwd><kwd>обработка естественного языка</kwd><kwd>машинный перевод</kwd><kwd>русско-английская языковая пара</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>word alignment</kwd><kwd>large language models</kwd><kwd>parallel corpora</kwd><kwd>natural language processing</kwd><kwd>machine translation</kwd><kwd>Russian-English language pair</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение №075-03-2026-305 от 16 января 2026 г., проект «Прикладные исследования по внедрению технологий искусственного интеллекта в высшее образование», шифр: FSMG-2025-0086)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-03-2026-305, January 16, 2026, project “Applied Research on the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Higher Education”, project code: FSMG- 2025-0086)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. 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