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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2015-2-176-196</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-239</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МП-автоматы с независимыми счётчиками</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PDA with Independent Counters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дехтярь</surname><given-names>Михаил Иосифович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dekhtyar</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р физ.-мат. наук, доцент, 170000 Россия, г. Тверь, ул. Желябова, 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>д-р физ.-мат. наук, доцент, Zhelyabova str., 33, Tver, Russia, 170000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Michael.Dekhtyar@tversu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карлов</surname><given-names>Борис Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karlov</surname><given-names>Boris</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, 170000 Россия, г. Тверь, ул. Желябова, 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, код, Zhelyabova str., 33, Tver, Russia, 170000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bnkarlov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тверской государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dept. of Computer Science, Tver State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>196</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дехтярь М.И., Карлов Б.Н., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дехтярь М.И., Карлов Б.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dekhtyar M., Karlov B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/239">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/239</self-uri><abstract><p>Магазинные автоматы с независимыми счётчиками (МПНС) объединяют возможности МП-автоматов и сетей Петри. Они были предложены в работах [21, 15] как средство для распознавания языков, порождаемых категориальными грамматиками зависимостей (КГЗ). КГЗ представляют собой классические категориальные грамматики, расширенные ориентированными поляризованными валентностями. Они позволяют выразить как проективные, так и непроективные зависимости между словами предложения. МПНС — это обычный МП-автомат, к которому добавлено конечное число счётчиков. Независимость счётчиков означает, что их содержимое не влияет на выбор очередного действия автомата. В первой части статьи мы сравниваем несколько вариантов определения МПНС и доказываем эквивалентность двух вариантов МПНС: без синтаксических пустых циклов и без семантических пустых циклов. Отмечаем также некоторые связи между МПНС-языками и языками сетей Петри. Мы показываем, что МПНС эквивалентны стек+бэг МП- автоматам (СБМПА), предложенным независимо Сёгаардом (Søgaard), и что СБМПА без пустых циклов распознают в точности КГЗ-языки. Мультимодальные категориальные грамматики зависимостей (ммКГЗ) были введены в [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit4">4</xref>] как расширения КГЗ, позволяющие управлять пересечениями некоторых зависимостей. Класс ммКГЗ-языков достаточно богат и обладает многими свойствами замкнутости, в частности, он образует абстрактное семейство языков. Во второй части статьи мы расширяем МПНС и определяем МП-автоматы со стеками независимых счётчиков (МПСНС). Это расширение двоякое: (1) каждый счётчик представляет стек натуральных чисел и (2) добавляется функция, которая позволяет уменьшать число на вершине стека счётчика, только если вершины всех связанных с ним счётчиков равны нулю. Наш основной результат утверждает, что МПСНС допускают в точности класс ммКГЗ-языков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Push-down automata with independent counters (PDACs) combine the power of PDAs and Petri Nets. They were developed in [21, 15], as a tool of recognition of languages generated by Categorial Dependency Grammars (CDGs). CDGs are classical categorial grammars extended by oriented polarized valencies. They express both projective and non-projective dependencies between the words of a sentence. PDAC is a usual PDA equipped with a finite number of counters. The independence of counters means that their state has no effect on the choice of an automaton move. In the first part of the paper we compare some variants of PDACs and prove the equivalence of two variants of PDAs with independent counters: without syntactic and without semantic ε-loops. Some connections between PDAC-languages and Petri Net languages are noticed. Then we show that PDACs are equivalent to stack+bag push-down automata (SBPA) independently introduced by Søgaard and that ε-acyclic SBPAs recognize exactly CDG-languages. Multimodal Categorial Dependency Grammars (mmCDGs) were introduced in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit4">4</xref>] as an extension of GDGs that allows control of some intersections of dependencies. The class of mmCDG-languages is rich enough and has good closure properties, that it forms AFL. In the second part of the paper we extend PDACs and introduce push-down automata with stacks of independent counters (PDASC). PDASCs extend PDACs twofold: (i) each counter is a stack of integers and (ii) there is a restriction function which allows to diminish a head of a counter only if the heads of all dependent counters are zeros. Our main result says that these PDASCs accept exactly the class of mmCDG- languages. The article is published in the author’s wording.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автоматы</kwd><kwd>формальные грамматики и языки</kwd><kwd>магазинные автоматы с независимыми счётчиками</kwd><kwd>проективная и непроективная зависимость</kwd><kwd>категориальная грамматика зависимостей</kwd><kwd>мультимодальная категориальная грамматика зависимостей</kwd><kwd>магазинные автоматы со стеками</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>automata</kwd><kwd>formal grammars and languages</kwd><kwd>push-down automata with independent counters</kwd><kwd>projective and non-projective dependency</kwd><kwd>categorial dependency grammar</kwd><kwd>multimodal categorial dependency grammar</kwd><kwd>push-down automata with stacks of independent counter</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Russian Foundation of Basic Research</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bar-Hillel Y., Gaifman H., Shamir E., “On categorial and phrase structure grammars”, Bull. 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