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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2015-2-238-247</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-243</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка требуемых скоростей передачи данных при организации беспроводной связи между ядрами центрального процессора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Data Rate Estimation for Wireless Core-to-Cache Communication in Multicore CPUs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комар</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komar</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант, 150000 Россия, Ярославль, ул. Советская д. 14;</p><p>Факультет Информатики и Электротехники, научный сотрудник, PO Box 527, FI-33101, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, Тампере, Финляндия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>150000, Sovetskaya str., 14, Yaroslavl, Russia;</p><p>PO Box 527, FI-33101, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, Tampere, Finland</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mariia.komar@tut.fi</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Виталий Игоревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, 191186, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, наб. реки Мойки, д.61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>аспирант, 191186, nab. reki Moiki, 61, St.Petersburg, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vit.petrov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борунова</surname><given-names>Каролина Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borunova</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант, 191186, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, наб. реки Мойки, д.61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>магистрант, 191186, nab. reki Moiki, 61, St.Petersburg, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karolinadm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молчанов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moltchanov</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент,  PO Box 527, FI-33101, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, Тампере, Финляндия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>доцент, PO Box 527, FI-33101, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, Tampere, Finland</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitri.moltchanov@tut.fi</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучерявый</surname><given-names>Евгений Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koucheryavy</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, PO Box 527, FI-33101, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, Тампере, Финляндия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>профессор, PO Box 527, FI-33101, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, Tampere, Finland</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yk@cs.tut.fi</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова;&#13;
Технологический университет г. Тампере, Финляндия</institution><country>Финляндия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University;&#13;
Tampere University of Technology</institution><country>Finland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Университет Телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Технологический университет г. Тампере, Финляндия, Факультет Информатики и Электротехники</institution><country>Финляндия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tampere University of Technology</institution><country>Finland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Технологический Университет г. Тампере, Финляндия, Факультет Информатики и&#13;
Электротехники</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tampere University of Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>238</fpage><lpage>247</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комар М.С., Петров В.И., Борунова К.Д., Молчанов Д.А., Кучерявый Е.А., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комар М.С., Петров В.И., Борунова К.Д., Молчанов Д.А., Кучерявый Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komar M., Petrov V., Borunova K., Moltchanov D., Koucheryavy E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/243">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/243</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматривается современная архитектура процессоров общего назначения, ее основные компоненты, описывается эволюция, а также подчеркиваются проблемы, препятствующие дальнейшему развитию такой архитектуры. Далее рассмотрены предложенные ранее пути развития процессоров, подчеркиваются их недостатки и предлагается новая архитектура, основанная на беспроводном доступе к кеш-памяти в многоядерных процессорах. В основе предлагаемого решения лежит организация надежного обмена данными между кешем третьего уровня и ядрами процессора через беспроводной канал в терагерцовом диапазоне. Таким образом, масштабируемость системы повышается до десятков и, потенциально, сотен ядер. В то же время, детальный анализ применимости предложенного решения требует точного предсказания количества информации, передаваемой между ядрами и кеш-памятью в процессорах текущего и следующего поколения. В данной работе рассматриваются основные подходы к построению оценки количества передаваемых данных, выделены их достоинства и недостатки. Авторы останавливают свой выбор на непосредственных измерениях количества данных с помощью существующих программных инструментов. Для измерений используется программный инструмент Intel Performance Counter Monitor, позволяющей оценить количе- ство данных, передаваемых между кеш-памятью второго и третьего уровней каждого ядра. В работе рассматриваются три варианта нагрузки на ядро – два искусственных теста и фоновая нагрузка от операционной системы. Для каждого типа нагрузки в работе приведены численные значения количества данных, проходящих по шине между кешем второго и третьего уровней, и показана их зависимость от тактовой частоты работы процессора и количества ядер.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, a principal architecture of common purpose CPU and its main components are discussed, CPUs evolution is considered and drawbacks that prevent future CPU development are mentioned. Further, solutions proposed so far are addressed and a new CPU architecture is introduced. The proposed architecture is based on wireless cache access that enables a reliable interaction between cores in multicore CPUs using terahertz band, 0.1-10THz. The presented architecture addresses the scalability problem of existing processors and may potentially allow to scale them to tens of cores. As in-depth analysis of the applicability of the suggested architecture requires accurate prediction of traffic in current and next generations of processors, we consider a set of approaches for traffic estimation in modern CPUs discussing their benefits and drawbacks. The authors identify traffic measurements by using existing software tools as the most promising approach for traffic estimation, and they use Intel Performance Counter Monitor for this purpose. Three types of CPU loads are considered including two artificial tests and background system load. For each load type the amount of data transmitted through the L2-L3 interface is reported for various input parameters including the number of active cores and their dependences on the number of cores and operational frequency.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>многоядерные процессоры</kwd><kwd>беспроводные системы на кристалле</kwd><kwd>широкополосные системы связи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multicore CPUs</kwd><kwd>wireless network on chip</kwd><kwd>WNoC</kwd><kwd>broadband communication systems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комар М. С., Кучерявый Е. А., Молчанов Д. А., Петров В. И., “Расчет характеристик протоколов беспроводной связи для взаимодействия между ядрами центрального процессора”, Электронный научный журнал ”Информационные технологии и телекоммуникации”, 3 (2014), 41–58; [Komar M. S., Kucheryavyy E. 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