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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2015-4-453-463</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-265</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиэдральные графы задач об остовных деревьях при дополнительных ограничениях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>1-Skeletons of the Spanning Tree Problems with Additional Constraints</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р физ.-мат. наук, профессор</p><p>ул. Советская, 14, г. Ярославль, 150000, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of science, professor</p><p>Sovetskaya str., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bond@bond.edu.yar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук</p><p>ул. Советская, 14, г. Ярославль, 150000, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p><p>Sovetskaya str., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">werdan.nik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шовгенов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shovgenov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p><p>ул. Советская, 14, г. Ярославль, 150000, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student</p><p>Sovetskaya str., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">djsh92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>453</fpage><lpage>463</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бондаренко В.А., Николаев А.В., Шовгенов Д.А., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В.А., Николаев А.В., Шовгенов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bondarenko V.A., Nikolaev A.V., Shovgenov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/265">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/265</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследуются полиэдральные графы двух задач о минимальном остовном дереве при дополнительных ограничениях. В первой задаче речь идет об отыскании дерева с минимальной суммой весов ребер среди всех остовных деревьев, количество висячих вершин которых не превосходит заданную величину. Во второй задаче дополнительное ограничение заключается в предположении о том, что степени всех вершин искомого дерева не превосходят заданную величину. Обе рассматриваемые задачи в варианте распознавания являются NP-полными. В работе изучаются многогранники указанных задач и их графы. Устанавливается, что в обоих случаях распознавание смежности вершин этих графов представляет собой NP-полную задачу. Несмотря на это, удается получить сверхполиномиальные нижние оценки плотности (кликового числа) этих графов, которые характеризуют временную трудоемкость в широком классе алгоритмов, использующих линейные сравнения. Приведенные результаты свидетельствуют о принципиальном отличии комбинаторно–геометрических свойств рассматриваемых задач от классической задачи о минимальном остовном дереве.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, we study polyhedral properties of two spanning tree problems with additional constraints. In the first problem, it is required to find a tree with a minimum sum of edge weights among all spanning trees with the number of leaves less than or equal to a given value. In the second problem, an additional constraint is the assumption that the degree of all nodes of the spanning tree does not exceed a given value. The recognition versions of both problems are NP-complete. We consider polytopes of these problems and their 1-skeletons. We prove that in both cases it is a NP-complete problem to determine whether the vertices of 1-skeleton are adjacent. Although it is possible to obtain a superpolynomial lower bounds on the clique numbers of these graphs. These values characterize the time complexity in a broad class of algorithms based on linear comparisons. The results indicate a fundamental difference between combinatorial and geometric properties of the considered problems from the classical minimum spanning tree problem.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остовное дерево</kwd><kwd>полиэдральный граф</kwd><kwd>плотность графа</kwd><kwd>NP-полная задача</kwd><kwd>гамильтонова цепь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spanning tree</kwd><kwd>1-skeleton</kwd><kwd>clique number</kwd><kwd>NP-complete problem</kwd><kwd>hamiltonian chain</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В. А., “Оценки сложности задач комбинаторной оптимизации в одном классе алгоритмов”, Доклады Академии наук, 328:1 (1993), 22–24; [Bondarenko V. 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