<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2016-6-826-840</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-417</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методические аспекты выделения семантических отношений для автоматической генерации специализированных тезаурусов и их оценки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodolo- gical Aspects of Semantic Relationship Extraction for Automatic Thesaurus Generation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-8643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагутина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagutina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент, ул. Советская, 14, г. Ярославль, 150000 Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, 14 Sovetskaya str., Yaroslavl 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lagutinans@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-3240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагутина</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagutina</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, ул. Советская, 14, г. Ярославль, 150000 Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, 14 Sovetskaya str., Yaroslavl 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lagutinakv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1997-7084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедов</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedov</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>стажёр-исследователь, ул. Советская, 14, г. Ярославль, 150000 Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>intern researcher, 14 Sovetskaya str., Yaroslavl 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eldarmamedov90@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-8423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парамонов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paramonov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент, ул. Советская, 14, г. Ярославль, 150000 Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, 14 Sovetskaya str., Yaroslavl 150000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ilya.Paramonov@fruct.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>826</fpage><lpage>840</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лагутина Н.С., Лагутина К.В., Мамедов Э.И., Парамонов И.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лагутина Н.С., Лагутина К.В., Мамедов Э.И., Парамонов И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lagutina N.S., Lagutina K.V., Mamedov E.I., Paramonov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/417">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/417</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена анализу методов автоматической генерации специализированного тезауруса. Основной алгоритм генерации состоит из трех шагов: отбор и предварительная обработка корпуса текстов, формирование множества терминов для включения в тезаурус и выделение связей между терминами тезауруса. Данное исследование сфокусировано на изучении методов выделения семантических связей, для чего авторами был разработан программный стенд, который позволяет протестировать распространенные алгоритмы выделения гиперонимов и синонимов, использующие в своей работе лексико-синтаксические шаблоны, морфо-синтаксические правила, количество информации терминов, тезаурус общего назначения WordNet и расстояние Левенштейна. Для анализа результирующего тезауруса, созданного на стенде, авторами была разработана комплексная оценка, содержащая следующие характеристики качества: точность выделения терминов, точность и полнота выделения синонимических и гиперонимических связей, а также метрики графа тезауруса (количество выделенных терминов, количество семантических связей различных типов, число компонент связности и число вершин в наибольшей компоненте). Предлагаемый набор метрик позволяет оценить качество тезауруса в целом, выявить отдельные недостатки стандартных методов выделения связей и построить более эффективные гибридные методы, генерирующие тезаурус с лучшими характеристиками по сравнению с тезаурусами, генерируемыми при использовании отдельных методов. Для иллюстрации данного факта в статье рассмотрен один из таких гибридных методов. Он комбинирует лучшие стандартные алгоритмы построения гиперонимических и синонимических связей и строит специализированный тезаурус в области медицины с тем же уровнем качества, что и другие методы, но с большим количеством связей между терминами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper is devoted to analysis of methods for automatic generation of a specialized thesaurus. The main algorithm of generation consists of three stages: selection and preprocessing of a text corpus, recognition of thesaurus terms, and extraction of relations among terms. Our work is focused on exploring methods for semantic relation extraction. We developed a test bench that allow to test well-known algorithms for extraction of synonyms and hypernyms. These algorithms are based on diﬀerent relation extraction techniques: lexico-syntactic patterns, morpho-syntactic rules, measurement of term information quantity, general-purpose thesaurus WordNet, and Levenstein distance. For analysis of the result thesaurus we proposed a complex assessment that includes the following metrics: precision of extracted terms, precision and recall of hierarchical and synonym relations, and characteristics of the thesaurus graph (the number of extracted terms and semantic relationships of diﬀerent types, the number of connected components, and the number of vertices in the largest component). The proposed set of metrics allows to evaluate the quality of the thesaurus as a whole, reveal some drawbacks of standard relation extraction methods, and create more eﬃcient hybrid methods that can generate thesauri with better characteristics than thesauri generated by using separate methods. In order to illustrate this fact, one of such hybrid methods is considered in the paper. It combines the best standard algorithms for hypernym and synonym extraction and generates a specialized medical thesaurus. The hybrid method leaves the thesaurus quality on the same level and ﬁnds more relations between terms than well-known algorithms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тезаурус</kwd><kwd>семантические отношения</kwd><kwd>гибридный метод</kwd><kwd>комплексная оценка</kwd><kwd>программный стенд</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thesaurus</kwd><kwd>semantic relations</kwd><kwd>hybrid method</kwd><kwd>complex assessment</kwd><kwd>test bench</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aitchison J., Gilchrist A. and Bawden D., Thesaurus construction and use: a practical manual, Psychology Press, 2000, 230 pp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aitchison J., Gilchrist A. and Bawden D., Thesaurus construction and use: a practical manual, Psychology Press, 2000, 230 pp.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукашевич Н.В., Добров Б.В., “Проектирование лингвистических онтологий для информационных систем в широких предметных областях”, Онтология проектирования, 5:1(15) (2015), 47–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loukachevitch N. V., Dobrov B. V., “Developing  Linguistic Ontologies in Broad Domains”, Ontology of Designing, 5:1(15) (2015), 47–69, (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукашевич Н.В., Тезаурусы в задачах информационного поиска, Издательство МГУ, M., 2011, 512 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukashevich N. V., Tezaurusy v zadachah informacionnogo poiska, Izdatelstvo MGU, Moskow, 2011, 512 pp., (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Astrakhantsev N. A., Turdakov D. Yu., “Automatic construction and enrichment of informal ontologies: A survey”, Programming and computer software, 39:1 (2013), 34–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astrakhantsev N. A., Turdakov D. Yu., “Automatic construction and enrichment of informal ontologies: A survey”, Programming and computer software, 39:1 (2013), 34–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasan K. S., Ng V., “Automatic Keyphrase Extraction: A Survey of the State of the Art”, Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014, 1262–1273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasan K. S., Ng V., “Automatic Keyphrase Extraction: A Survey of the State of the Art”, Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014, 1262–1273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paramonov I. et al., “Thesaurus-Based Method of Increasing Text-via-Keyphrase Graph Connectivity During Keyphrase Extraction for e-Tourism Applications”, International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and the Semantic Web, 2016, 129–141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paramonov I. et al., “Thesaurus-Based Method of Increasing Text-via-Keyphrase Graph Connectivity During Keyphrase Extraction for e-Tourism Applications”, International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and the Semantic Web, 2016, 129–141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang D., Powers D.M˙ ., “Automatic thesaurus construction”, Proceedings of the thirty-ﬁrst Australasian conference on Computer science, 74 (2008), 147–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang D., Powers D.M˙ ., “Automatic thesaurus construction”, Proceedings of the thirty-ﬁrst Australasian conference on Computer science, 74 (2008), 147–156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mihalcea R., Tarau P., “TextRank: Bringing order into texts”, Proceedings of EMNLP, 2004, 404–411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mihalcea R., Tarau P., “TextRank: Bringing order into texts”, Proceedings of EMNLP, 2004, 404–411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Z. et al., “Automatic keyphrase extraction via topic decomposition”, Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2010, 366–376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Z. et al., “Automatic keyphrase extraction via topic decomposition”, Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2010, 366–376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiemer-Hastings P., Wiemer-Hastings K., Graesser A., “Latent semantic analysis”, Proceedings of the 16th international joint conference on Artiﬁcial intelligence, 2004, 1–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiemer-Hastings P., Wiemer-Hastings K., Graesser A., “Latent semantic analysis”, Proceedings of the 16th international joint conference on Artiﬁcial intelligence, 2004, 1–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lefever E., Van de Kauter M., Hoste V., “Evaluation of automatic hypernym extraction from technical corpora in English and Dutch”, 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), 2014, 490–497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lefever E., Van de Kauter M., Hoste V., “Evaluation of automatic hypernym extraction from technical corpora in English and Dutch”, 9th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), 2014, 490–497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oakes M. P., “Using Hearst’s Rules for the Automatic Acquisition of Hyponyms for Mining a Pharmaceutical Corpus”, RANLP Text Mining Workshop, 5 (2005), 63–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oakes M. P., “Using Hearst’s Rules for the Automatic Acquisition of Hyponyms for Mining a Pharmaceutical Corpus”, RANLP Text Mining Workshop, 5 (2005), 63–67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noh S., Kim S., Jung C., “A Lightweight Program Similarity Detection Model using XML and Levenshtein Distance”, FECS, 2006, 3–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noh S., Kim S., Jung C., “A Lightweight Program Similarity Detection Model using XML and Levenshtein Distance”, FECS, 2006, 3–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мозжерина Е.С., “Автоматическое построение онтологии по коллекции текстовых документов”, Электронные библиотеки: Перспективные Методы и Технологии, Электронные коллекции–RCDL, 2011, 293–298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mozzherina E. S., “Ehlektronnye biblioteki: Perspektivnye Metody i Tekhnologii, Ehlektronnye kollekcii–RCDL”, 2011, 293– 298, (in Russian).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mittelu V. B., “Automatic Extraction of Patterns Displaying Hyponym-Hypernym Co-Occurrence from Corpora”, Proceedings of First Central European Student Conference in Linguistics, 2006, 21, 8 pp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mittelu V. B., “Automatic Extraction of Patterns Displaying Hyponym-Hypernym Co-Occurrence from Corpora”, Proceedings of First Central European Student Conference in Linguistics, 2006, 21, 8 pp.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
