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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2017-4-434-444</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-533</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О скоростях передачи данных на шинах между кеш-памятью второго и третьего уровней и между процессором и оперативной памятью в современных компьютерах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Data Rates Assessment on L2–L3 CPU Bus and Bus between CPU and RAM in Modern CPUs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0995-7744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комар</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komar</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант;</p><p>магистрант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student;</p><p>MSc student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.s.komar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова;&#13;
Технологический Университет г. Тампере</institution><country>Финляндия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University;&#13;
Tampere University of Technology</institution><country>Finland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>434</fpage><lpage>444</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комар М.С., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комар М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komar M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/533">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/533</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе рассматривается архитектура используемых в настоящее время центральных процессоров и ограничения их производительности в современном виде. Так как чаще всего для повышения производительности центральных процессоров предлагаются решения, связанные с изменением существующей архитектуры, необходимо иметь представление о скоростях передачи данных внутри процессора и на шинах, подходящих к нему. Это позволит оценить применимость предлагаемых решений и даст возможность их оптимизировать. В этой статье решается задача измерения реальных скоростей передачи данных на интерфейсе между кеш-памятью второго и третьего уровней внутри процессора и на интерфейсе между процессором и оперативной памятью, а также изучения зависимости численных результатов от количества активных ядер, тактовой частоты процессора и типа проводимого теста. В статье приводится методология проведения измерений с помощью программного инструмента Intel Performance Counter Monitor от компании Intel, а также приводятся формулы для получения итогового результата из полученных в ходе измерений значений. Приведено подробное описание тестов, имитирующих реальную нагрузку на центральный процессор, и синтетических тестов. Зависимости скоростей передачи данных от количества активных ядер и от тактовой частоты процессора представлены в виде графиков. Зависимости скоростей передачи данных от типа теста представлены в виде столбиковых диаграмм для трех различных значений тактовой частоты процессора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, a modern CPU architecture with several different cache levels is described, and current CPU performance limitations such as silicone physical limitations or frequency increase bounds are mentioned. As usual, changes of the currently existing architecture are proposed as a way of increasing CPU performance, data rates on the internal and external CPU interfaces must be known. It would help to assess applicability of proposed solutions and allow to optimize them. This paper is aimed at getting real values of traffic on L2-L3 cache interface inside CPU and CPU-RAM bus load as well as show dependencies of total traffic on the interfaces of interest on the number of active cores, CPU frequency and test type. Measurements methodology using Intel Performance Counter Monitor by Intel is provided and equations that allow to get data rates from internal CPU counters are explained. Both real life and synthetic tests are described. Dependency of total traffic on the number of active cores and dependency of total traffic on CPU frequency are provided as plots. Dependency of total traffic on test type provided as bar plot for multiple CPU frequencies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>многоядерные процессоры</kwd><kwd>оценка скоростей передачи данных</kwd><kwd>системы на кристалле</kwd><kwd>сети на кристалле</kwd><kwd>беспроводные системы на кристалле</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multicore CPUs</kwd><kwd>data rates assessment</kwd><kwd>System-on-Chip</kwd><kwd>Network-on-Chip</kwd><kwd>Wireless Network-on-Chip</kwd><kwd>NoC</kwd><kwd>WNoC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peter J. Denning, Ted G. Lewis, “Exponential Laws of Computing Growth”, Communications of the ACM, 60:1 (2017), 54–65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peter J. Denning, Ted G. 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