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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2017-6-788-801</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-615</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Задача о кратчайшем пути в кратном графе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Shortest Path Problem for a Multiple Graph</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-2507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Александр Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander_sm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный университет им. П.Г. Демидова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>788</fpage><lpage>801</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов А.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/615">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/615</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье вводится определение неориентированного кратного графа произвольной натуральной кратности k &gt; 1. Кратный граф содержит ребра трех типов: обычные, кратные и мультиребра. Ребра последних двух типов представляют собой объединение k связанных ребер, которые соединяют 2 или k + 1 вершину соответственно. Связанные ребра могут использоваться только согласованно. Если вершина инцидентна какому-либо кратному ребру, то она может быть инцидентна другим кратным ребрам, а также она может быть общим концом k связанных ребер какого-либо мультиребра. Если вершина является общим концом какого-либо мультиребра, то она не может быть общим концом никакого другого мультиребра. Отдельно рассматривается класс делимых кратных графов, основной особенностью которых является возможность выделения k частей, согласованных на всех связанных ребрах и не содержащих общих ребер. Каждая из частей является обычным графом. Для кратного графа обобщаются понятия степени вершины, связности графа, пути, цикла, веса ребра и длины пути. Вводится понятие множества достижимости по обычным и по кратным ребрам, определяется свойство смежности двух множеств достижимости. Показано, что проверка связности кратного графа может быть выполнена за полиномиальное время с помощью алгоритма, основанного на поиске множеств достижимости и проверки их смежности. Рассматривается критерий существования кратного пути между двумя вершинами и ставится задача о кратчайшем кратном пути. Строится алгоритм поиска кратчайшего пути в кратном графе, который использует алгоритм Дейкстры для поиска кратчайших путей в подграфах, соответствующих отдельным множествам достижимости.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article, the definition of an undirected multiple graph of any natural multiplicity k &gt; 1 is stated. There are edges of three types: ordinary edges, multiple edges and multi-edges. Each edge of the last two types is the union of k linked edges, which connect 2 or k+1 vertices, correspondingly. The linked edges should be used simultaneously. If a vertex is incident to a multiple edge, it can be also incident to other multiple edges and it can be the common ending vertex to k linked edges of some multi-edge. If a vertex is the common end of some multi-edge, it cannot be the common end of any other multi-edge. Also, a class of the divisible multiple graphs is considered. The main peculiarity of them is a possibility to divide the graph into k parts, which are adjusted on the linked edges and which have no common edges. Each part is an ordinary graph. The following terms are generalized: the degree of a vertex, the connectedness of a graph, the path, the cycle, the weight of an edge, and the path length. There is stated the definition of the reachability set for the ordinary and multiple edges. The adjacency property is defined for a pair of reachability sets. It is shown, that we can check the connectedness of some multiple graph with the polynomial algorithm based on the search for the reachability sets and testing their adjacency. There is considered a criterion of the existence of a multiple path between two given vertices. The shortest multiple path problem is stated. Then we suggest an algorithm of finding the shortest path in a multiple graph. It uses Dijkstra’s algorithm of finding the shortest paths in subgraphs, which correspond to different reachability sets.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кратный граф</kwd><kwd>делимый граф</kwd><kwd>множество достижимости</kwd><kwd>связность</kwd><kwd>кратный путь</kwd><kwd>кратчайший путь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple graph</kwd><kwd>divisible graph</kwd><kwd>reachability set</kwd><kwd>connectedness</kwd><kwd>multiple path</kwd><kwd>shortest path</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cormen T. H., Leiserson C. E., Rivest R. L., Stein C., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd ed., The MIT Press, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cormen T. H., Leiserson C. E., Rivest R. 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