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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mais</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование и анализ информационных систем</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-1015</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2313-5417</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Yaroslavl State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18255/1818-1015-2018-2-174-192</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mais-678</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О корректности моделирования модульных вычислительных систем реального времени с помощью сетей временных автоматов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the Correctness of Real-Time Modular Computer Systems Modeling with Stopwatch Automata Networks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-4128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глонина</surname><given-names>Алевтина Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glonina</surname><given-names>Alevtina B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>программист</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>programmer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alevtina@lvk.cs.msu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5211-805X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балашов</surname><given-names>Василий Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balashov</surname><given-names>Vasily V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ст. науч. сотр., канд. физ.-мат. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Mathematics, senior research fellow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hbd@cs.msu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный ун-т им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>192</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глонина А.Б., Балашов В.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глонина А.Б., Балашов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glonina A.B., Balashov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/678">https://www.mais-journal.ru/jour/article/view/678</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматривается задача проверки допустимости конфигураций модульных вычислительных систем реального времени (МВС РВ). Конфигурация считается допустимой, если все работы успевают выполниться на МВС РВ в рамках своих директивных интервалов. Предложена обобщенная модель функционирования МВС РВ и метод построения на её основе модели для конкретной конфигурации. Модель представляет собой сеть временных автоматов с остановкой таймеров. По вычислению сети автоматов предлагается строить временную диаграмму (ВД) функционирования МВС РВ, необходимую для проверки допустимости. В работе обосновывается корректность предложенного подхода. Из спецификаций на МВС РВ был выделен ряд требований, применимых к моделям МВС РВ и их компонентов на выбранном уровне абстракции. Модели считаются корректными, если удовлетворяют этим требованиям. Доказано, что если все модели компонентов системы удовлетворяют соответствующим требованиям, то модель МВС РВ, построенная согласно предложенному подходу, удовлетворяет требованиям к модели системы в целом (то есть корректна), а также является детерминированной. Под детерминированностью понимается однозначность построения ВД сети автоматов, соответствующей заданной конфигурации. Это позволяет использовать для проверки допустимости конфигурации любое вычисление соответствующей сети автоматов, что крайне важно для эффективности предложенного подхода, так как число возможных вычислений сети автоматов растет экспоненциально с числом работ в системе. Выполнение требований корректности к моделям компонентов системы может быть проверено автоматически с использованием верификатора и подхода автоматов-наблюдателей. Все разработанные нами модели компонентов системы удовлетворяют соответствующим требованиям, что было доказано с помощью верификатора UPPAAL. Если пользовательские модели компонентов системы удовлетворяют требованиям корректности, то они могут быть включены в модель МВС РВ, которая при этом останется корректной и детерминированной.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, we consider a schedulability analysis problem for real-time modular computer systems (RT MCS). A system configuration is called schedulable if all the jobs finish within their deadlines. The authors propose a stopwatch automata-based general model of RT MCS operation. A model instance for a given RT MCS configuration is a network of stopwatch automata (NSA) and it can be built automatically using the general model. A system operation trace, which is necessary for checking the schedulability criterion, can be obtained from the corresponding NSA trace. The paper substantiates the correctness of the proposed approach. A set of correctness requirements to models of system components and to the whole system model were derived from RT MCS specifications. The authors proved that if all models of system components satisfy the corresponding requirements, the whole system model built according to the proposed approach satisfies its correctness requirements and is deterministic (i.e. for a given configuration a trace generated by the corresponding model run is uniquely determined). The model determinism implies that any model run can be used for schedulability analysis. This fact is crucial for the approach efficiency, as the number of possible model runs grows exponentially with the number of jobs in a system. Correctness requirements to models of system components models can be checked automatically by a verifier using observer automata approach. The authors proved by using UPPAAL verifier that all the developed models of system components satisfy the corresponding requirements. User-defined models of system components can be also used for system modeling if they satisfy the requirements.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>верификация</kwd><kwd>интегрированная модульная авионика</kwd><kwd>планирование вычислений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>model checking</kwd><kwd>integrated modular avionics</kwd><kwd>scheduling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант № 17-07-01566)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by RFBR (grant No 17-07-01566)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watkins C.B., Walter R., “Transitioning from Federated Avionics Architectures to</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watkins C.B., Walter R., “Transitioning from Federated Avionics Architectures to Integrated Modular Avionics”, Proceedings of the 26th IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2007, 2.A.1-1–2.A.1-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Integrated Modular Avionics”, Proceedings of the 26th IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2007, 2.A.1-1–2.A.1-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glonina A.B., Bahmurov A.G., “Stopwatch Automata-Based Model for Efficient Schedulability Analysis of Modular Computer Systems”, Parallel Computing Technologies, LNCS, 10421, Springer, 2017, 289–300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glonina A.B., Bahmurov A.G., “Stopwatch Automata-Based Model for Efficient Schedulability Analysis of Modular Computer Systems”, Parallel Computing Technologies, LNCS, 10421, Springer, 2017, 289–300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cassez F., Larsen K, “The Impressive Power of Stopwatches”, CONCUR 2000 — Concurrency Theory, LNCS, 1877, Springer, 2000, 138–152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cassez F., Larsen K, “The Impressive Power of Stopwatches”, CONCUR 2000 — Concurrency Theory, LNCS, 1877, Springer, 2000, 138–152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avionics Application Software Standard Interface. 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